APA and Chicago Manual Of Style Writing

APA and Chicago Manual Of Style Writing Whether youre writing your first high school term paper, or putting the finishing touches on your doctoral thesis, a great essay needs more than simply good ideas. For ease of reading and proper citations, you need to make sure that your writing is encapsulated in one of the standard forms. You should first better acquaint you with the two most popular writing styles for term papers todaythe APA and Chicago Manual of Style formats. Using Approved Styles for Citations One of the most important functions of both the APA Style and Chicago Manual of Style is citation creation. Few thoughts are wholly original, but youll want to make sure that any supporting materials you quote are properly cited. Failing to properly cite your sources amounts to plagiarism, which can ruin your academic career in a single instance. Remember the days of endless footnotes and bulky numbered lists of citations at the end of an academic paper? The beauty of these new formats is that you can make your citations in an easier way with little effort. Using parenthetical citations, you can quickly cite your source, and add publication information to a simple list of cited works at the papers end. Using Approved Styles for Standard Writing Whether you are a newspaper reporter, or simply are writing for an Internet publication, youll want to make certain that youre using the right style. How you and your company are perceived rests, in large part, in the quality of your writing. You will want to be sure your capitalization and punctuation is more than correctyoull want to make sure it meets the accepted standards. How do you find out what those standards are? Simply by using either the APA format or the Chicago Manual of Style format, you can align your writing to the most popular standards out there. Across the country, most newspapers use the Chicago Manual of Style as a measuring stick against which all their copy is compared. Academia has likewise embraced the APA style guide as standard, expecting its publications to adhere to its standards. What You Might Not Know about Modern Language Most of us consider ourselves good, solid writers. But how perfected is your style? Do you know when to capitalize technological terms, and when to double and single space quotations? How would you quote poetry, if you had to? Beyond these stylistic questions, you might also find you have questions on the finer points of grammar. The tragedy of modern day education is that while you are certainly expected to use correct grammar, many public institutions no longer teach grammar and usage heavily. Many writers no longer know when to use who or whom, and few could tell you exactly when to use a semi-colon over a comma. These basic grammatical points, when overlooked, can make your writing look sloppy and juvenile. How to Perfect Your Writing Maybe youre looking for APA and Chicago Manual Of Style Writing Resources. But sometimes the information contained in most of these resources is partial or incomplete. Do you have a specific question youre having trouble answering? Luckily, you can find solid, comprehensive APA and Chicago Manual of Style writing resources that cover all of your citation and style needs. Using the magic of technology, you can purchase APA format software or publication manual to use as a complete reference tool. Tighten your writing, and ensure the accuracy of business and academic papers by perfecting your style.

How to Talk Politics and Still Stay Friends

How to Talk Politics and Still Stay Friends Is it possible to talk politics without the conversation ending in bruised egos and hurt feelings? Is politics, like religion, a  subject too taboo  for the holiday gathering or family function? And if someone does unexpectedly start to talk politics at your dinner table, what should you do? Republicans. Democrats. Libertarians. Greens. Neocons. Ultraliberals. Americans are a diverse bunch, and theyre growing increasingly polarized and seemingly more unable by the minute to talk politics in a civilized manner. Usually, a fight breaks out when the topic turns to the upcoming election. Here are five ideas for how to talk politics and still stay friends with your partisan pals. Cite Facts, Not Opinions If you absolutely must talk politics, one way to avoid messy confrontations is to steer clear of opinions and instead cite facts. Dont say, for example, that you think all Republicans are insensitive or all Democrats are elitists. Steer clear of painting everyone with such a broad brush. If you find yourself engaged in political debate while trying to enjoy the Thanksgiving turkey, use facts to gently back up your position. This will require some preparation and study the night before a get-together, but a policy discussion that centers on facts and not opinion tends to be one that is more thoughtful and less likely to end in a brawl. Disagree Respectfully Dont shake your head in disgust. Dont interrupt. Dont sigh like Al Gore did during his debate with George W. Bush in 2000. Dont roll your eyes. Dont be a jerk, in other words. There are at least two sides to every debate, two visions for the future, and yours isnt necessarily the right one. Let your sparring partner have his say, then explain in an even tone why you disagree. Do not use the phrase, You are wrong. This makes the disagreement personal, and it shouldnt be. Stick to the facts, be respectful, and your holiday gathering should be a smash. In a good way, of course. The bottom line: Agree to disagree. See the Other Side Lets face it: If you were right all the time, youd be president and not that other guy in the White House. Theres a chance youre wrong about some things. Its always good to see an argument through your sparring partners eyes. Occasionally, should you feel the need to extinguish what appears to be an escalation of the political rhetoric, stop and say to your friend, You know, thats a good point. I never looked at it that way. Dont Take It Personally So you and your pals or in-laws once disagreed over how President Barack Obama had handled the economy, or whether Mitt Romney really understood the middle class. Who cares? That shouldnt have an impact on your friendship. The bottom line: This is isnt about you. Get over your bruised ego or hurt feelings. Move on. Embrace your differences. Theyre what make America great. Keep Quiet If you really dont have anything nice to say, as the old maxim goes, dont say anything at all. This is especially true when talking politics. If a civil discussion of the issues is impossible with your friends and family, its best to keep quiet. Even if they raise force the issue, stay silent. Shrug your shoulders. Duck into the bathroom. Pretend to be distracted by the song playing in the background. Whatever it takes, keep your thoughts to yourself. For silence is the best policy of all in the long run.

Foundations Rhetorical Studies Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Foundations Rhetorical Studies - Assignment Example Working through the transition period where philosophers and intelligentsia had a very significant job of unveiling the truth while refuting the theological patterns. Furthermore, the art of rhetoric also has a mounting challenge to distinguish between myths and truth, i.e. to correct the history and take a leap away from romanticism and story-telling towards the search for something that could be attributed the title of scientific realities. Also, currently the rhetoric is built on the already available research material and volumes of published work. However, back in the medieval era, the little work that had been saved was sent to the territories constituting the Muslim empire and thus rhetoricists themselves were engaged in constructing literature. Therefore, a keen and a forward-thinking rhetoricist would be driven by the desire to work in an era where new literature is being constructed and trends are being set. Philosophers and writers in the medieval era were pre-dominantly engaged in preserving storied dictated by the highest order. In other words, there was plot in the stories, a transition, character and even an end, but everything was rather dictated by the spiritual order and what they knew from scripture and the holy text. In this context, those taking a leap of faith and trying to implant newer narratives had an immense challenge. However, it is in this very accumulation of newer knowledge that an ambitious rhetoricist finds escape and reason to fill in the vacuum. Another perspective which inspires me to go back in time and live in the era is that the transition period gives an edge to alter narratives even of the present times, since that was the era where the building blocks of knowledge were placed and human race was triggered to think in un-orthodox ways. Another impeccable perspective which drives me to work in the medieval era is how the philosophers and authors werenâ€℠¢t bound by

Write about the formalism(Texture,symbol,images), psychoanalistic and Research Paper

Write about the formalism(Texture,symbol,images), psychoanalistic and modern criticism in Gustave Flaubert's Madame Bovary. Also Talk about the color Blue in the Novel - Research Paper Example In addition, it offers a standard against which to compare the works and writers that have followed it. It is impossible to understand or appreciate modern European and American fiction without an acquaintance with Madame Bovary. This paper seeks to give a detailed account of the various aspects of literature that are at play in the novel. Gustave Flaubert begins her famous novel; Madame Bovary by highlighting the life of Charles Bovary from his early life as a boy who as unable to fir in his new school and as results became the center of ridicule from his classmates. His entire life is marked by dullness and mediocrity that is evident by how he conducts himself before other people. His failure in the medical school leads into him becoming a second-rate doctor in the country. He is married off to a widow by his mother and the marriage does not last for a long time as the widow dies after a short duration. Charles who expected to gain a lot of wealth after the marriage is left with almost nothing and he becomes poorer than before (Rozen, 101). The life of Charles soon takes another turn when he falls in love with Emma who is a daughter to one of his patients and they get married. Emma’s romantic expectations are not met in the marriage. She had spent a better part of her life in the convent and developed an inner belief that marriage was going to be the end of all her troubles. He dream for a sophisticated kind of a lifestyle was borne on the day she attended a very extravagant ball at the home of a noble wealthy man. The village life that she now has to put up with does not match up to her expectations and she gets bored and depressed. She falls ill and after conceiving, they move to another town with the hope that she will get better. In the new town, they meet different people who begin to shape and transform their lives. Emma continues to be despondent after giving birth because she failed to

Staffing Organizations in a Coffee Business Term Paper

Staffing Organizations in a Coffee Business - Term Paper Example The association between the employer and employees will determine the relationship between the employees and a particular business entity. This coffee shop will be a sole proprietor’s business hence the owner is synonymous to the business. This means the relationship between the workers and the employer will signify that between the business and the employees. Conflicts between employees and employers are common occurrences, and there have been legal perspectives developed to address them. According to Salvacion (2008), the employees should sign contracts, and terms of service within the laws of the land, which clearly stipulate the duties, roles, obligations, and rights of both the employer and the employee. The relationship between the coffee shop and the employees will be devoid of discrimination, wrongful termination, poor working environment, and poor and unreliable payments. These are just but a few areas of legal concern, but the entire federal employment law shall be a pplicable in this mutually beneficial relationship. During the course of business operations in the coffee shop, issues of disparate treatment may arise. Disparate treatments involve favoritism or discrimination of employees at the workplace. Favoritism may take place due to religious, racial, sex, age and disability biases. According to Salvacion (2008), when such discriminations exist in business without correction overtime, then services of a lawyer should be sought to ensure that the problem is solved in due consideration of the law. Due to the fact that I desire the growth of the coffee shop, I will not allow disparate treatment to reach this level. I will endeavor to avoid the same through ensuring that there are effective and efficient communication channels to allow the employees to express their grievances on disparate treatment. This will be achieved for example, by providing a free environment to allow the employees to air their views like organizing team building events. Another way is by taking speedy action on complaints on disparate treatment geared towards embracing equal treatment for all employees regardless of the social and physical differences.  

Comparison Of Civilian And Military Police Criminology Essay

Comparison Of Civilian And Military Police Criminology Essay In the society we live in today it would be hard to imagine the world without police. The police give our societies the structure they need to function properly and continue to grow. There have been many forms of police throughout time dating back to the ancient world in China. The first known or documented style of governments using police took place in China thousands of years ago. Before police existed it was impossible for societies to grow and function properly. Ancient world governments had no way of ruling the people without some type of law enforcement agency to keep the people in order. Thomas Hobbes, who was a philosopher back in the sixteen hundreds, had a belief that all people were born evil (Williams, 2006). He felt that when humans were born they were greedy and selfish. Although this belief has been argued and disputed for centuries the basis of his belief makes you wonder. Humans are considered animals, we belong to the animal kingdom and although show many different and improved traits than most, we are in fact animals. Now, knowing that and seeing how other animals act in the wild without organization and enforcement it makes you understand where he was coming from. It is not that we are evil; it is just that we are born without the knowledge of what is right and what is wrong and need to be taught at very young ages the difference between the two. Along with knowing the difference between what is right and what is wrong; what also helps us understand and differentiate between good and bad is punishment. Without the reinforcement and threat of punishment it would be difficult to remain good in societys eyes. The police provide societies with the threat of punishment for violating the laws set by the government. They also have the ability to enforce laws and protect the general public from harm. In the ancient world the governments were finding it hard to rule large amounts of people without having some style of enforcement over them. In Ancient Greece, police were used mainly for crowd control which could often cause situations to escalate out of hand. Another thing unique about the ancient times is that normally the civilian populous was responsible for policing themselves. In small communities and societies the population could operate with little or no police, relying mainly on the citizens policing themselves. However, when dealing with large societies that cover vast amounts of land this method would result in nothing but disaster. As times went on police began taking on more tasks within society. Over hundreds of years of trial and error the policing system made it way to the United States. At the time the United States was a newly settled and uprising country which needed some type of enforcement to keep it on the right track. The original United States system of pol icing was adopted from the British form. This form of policing laid the framework for the next two hundred years for our country to improve our police structure and organization. The police organizational structure is broken down in seven elements. According to Mintzberg, an organizational structure can be defined simply the sum total of ways in which an organization divides its labor into distinct tasks and then achieves coordination among them (Mintzberg, 1979). When looking at the big picture of a police department there is an overall goal that needs to be accomplished. This goal is divided into a mission statement of what the departments overall goal is. From that overall mission statement the department can determine what needs to be done to accomplish it. After determining the subtasks to be accomplished the department can divide its labor force amongst the tasks to meet the requirement. Now once the plans have been set the department can work towards reaching its goals together. The seven specific elements of law enforcement organizational structure include: functional differentiation, occupational differentiation, spatial differentiation, vertical dif ferentiation, centralization, formalization and administrative intensity. According to Peak the first four elements are methods of dividing labor. The first element is functional differentiation which is having multiple functions within to deal with different issues. Having functional differentiation within a police structure to properly distribute their officers amongst areas where they are needed. It also allows for officers to focus on just what is important to the overall goals by not having to be experts in all areas. The second element is occupational differentiation which is overall how a police structure divides its job titles throughout to the employees. Through proper occupational differentiation a police organization will not have to rely on specifically trained personnel to accomplish other tasks. In most civilian departments there are sergeants responsible for their shifts workers (Dempsey Forst, 2010). The military works almost the same way with senior non commissioned officers being in charge for their respective shift of days or nights. Th e third element is spatial differentiation which would be how widely spread an organization is. Spatial the word refers to occupying space which applies to this element when dealing with physically spreading the organization. Spatial differentiation is not as required in small organizations but in large organizations it is required. When dealing with large areas with many personnel and vast areas of jurisdiction spatial differentiation allows organizations to spread out to meet mission requirements throughout the whole area more efficiently. The fourth element that deals with dividing labor throughout the organization is vertical differentiation. Vertical differentiation deals with chains of command within police organizations. One role that all police officers must perform is leadership. Police officers are taught early in training academies about proper use of the chain of command. When dealing with large organizations the chain of command can become fairly large. It is important for personnel to known their specific chain of command and how to properly use it. Proper use of the chain on command can allow issues to be resolved at the lowest level possible to allow higher tier personnel in chain of command to deal with more important issues (Dantzker, 1999). Going outside the chain of command can cause many problems to moral and overall status of an organization and should be avoided at all times if possible. The fifth element of police structure takes on a different approach to organization. Instead of dealing with dividing labor, centralization is how much control in the decision making process the personnel has. In many smaller police departments the higher tier leadership has say in majority of decision making. Some larger departments allow their personnel to have autonomy to make decisions on their own, and are considered less centralized. Formalization is the sixth element of police structure and is the extent laws and guidelines are enforced on employees. There are many laws that can limit how effective the police departments are, using formalization the amount of laws enforced on a department can be increased and allow them to become more efficient. The last element is administrative intensity which is how proportionate personnel are spaced between the admin and operational sides of a department. Organizations with high levels of administrative intensity are often thought of as be ing more bureaucratic (Peak, 2010). In a bureaucratic organization laws and regulations come from leadership within the department and often become very top heavy. Once a department has its seven elements of organization and structure we can look at the basic police organizational structure. The Chief of Police is at the top of the structure and chain of command. Police Chiefs are not elected like Sheriffs but municipal employees who serve the city. The Chief has many duties and responsibilities such as setting the departments mission and keeping it achievable. They must oversee all operations and keep improving and developing its departments personnel and equipment. Below the Chief the basic structure divides into two branches, the first being the Operations side and the other being Services. Within the Operations branch you will find patrol officers, investigations and youth activities sub divisions. Operations also deals with training personnel to effective achieve the mission set by the Chief. The Services branch of a department deals with staff services such as budget management, fiscal year planning, manning and personnel issues. Although both branches are equally important quiet often more emphasis is placed on the operations branch due to it being more in the publics eye than the services support branch. The civilian basic organizational structure is very similar to the militarys basic police organization. Within the civilian organization below the Chief are Captains, Lieutenants, and Sergeants much like the military model where each rank has their own duties and responsibilities (Dantzker, 1999). I will now take a look at the comparison of civilian police and military police organizational structures and how the seven elements apply. In the typical military police structure there is the equivalent of the police chief. In the military they are referred to as Chief, Security Forces (CSF). Their job is to provide leadership and direction to all personnel within the organization. They set the mission of the unit and ensure it is achievable just like the police chief. Beneath the CSF there are three main branches, unlike the civilian structure of two. The first branch is operations which deal with investigations, confinement, installation security and patrols. Within the operations branch many more sub divisions can be created much like the civilian structure to deal with mission specific issues and specialties like canine teams and special reaction teams. The second branch is administrative which deals with information security, staff services and reports and analysis. The third branch in the military structure is resources and training. This branch was included in the civilian police branch of operations. Within this branch supplies, equipment, deployments and training are covered. The military structure works with normally more personnel and divides its labor among more groups to allow them to focus on single objectives rather than multiple tasks which falls under the occupational differentiation element of organization. The military utilizes vertical differentiation through having a clearly defined chain of command. Although it seems sometimes like you have almost too many people above you in the chain it is built that way for a reason. The military focuses greatly on proper use of the chain of command to deal with issues at the lowest level possible with having to involve the higher tier with resolvable issues. Military structures are not as spatially differentiated as civilian departments due to the lack of physical occupation. Most military bases are limited and space and jurisdiction is limited to base perimeter. Some military bases like those in Korea have off base patrols in coordination with local government but their jurisdiction is limited. Vertical differentiation is very broad in the military structure allowing for members to remain focused on their specialty but also allows for them to move around within the structures when they have mastered one area. It can be presumed that the military structure was based on the civilian police structure but has been slightly modified to better accomplish the mission. Many military personnel who worked police duties normally have later in their careers made the switch to civilian police departments. I will now talk about how the basics of structure can assist and hinder them as they make the switch. The military police structure and training can serve as a great basis for members to make an easier transition to the civilian police departments. Many military members join and volunteer to become security police with the goal of someday returning home and working for their local police departments. With this goal in the back of their mind they can focus on learning the basics of police duties and get a feel for how working in a civilian department would be. The military police structure is based on the civilian equivalent, therefore very similar in many ways. Working under one overall boss, either the Chief of Police or Chief, Security Forces allows officers to learn how one persons objective and mission goals can be accomplished by many personnel working together. Military police perform as law enforcement to military members who do not obey laws and often include a criminal investigations division much like the civilian departments (Green, 2000). All military branches have a form of military police. The US Army and Marines have Military Police, the US Air Force has Security Forces and the US Navy has Masters at Arms. All the above listed allow for their respective branch to have enforcement of laws and regulations on their installations. The military training for their police is very similar to the civilian equivalent. Basic training such as self-defense, weapon employment, hand-cuffing, personnel searches and dealing with the public are almost identical to that of civilian police academy training. The basic principles and training provided to military police can greatly assist them if they decide to become civilian police but there are also areas where it may hinder them. Military personnel are more strictly limited to what laws they can enforce. Military personnel are very rarely allowed to enforce laws on civilians. Based on Title 18, United States Code, when civilian personnel commit crimes on military installations military police are allowed to detain the suspect but not arrest them. Rules like these in my eyes can help and hurt their police officer abilities. I can see these rules if followed as a show of restraint which is an important characteristic for a law enforcement agent. The ability to not abuse their authority could help younger patrol officers learn when to use their position and when not to. Rules and limits on who military police can and cannot apprehend could harm them if they transition to civilian police duties by them not having enough experience in dealing with civilians. Anyone who has served in the military can normally look at a group of people and pick out the military members from the civilians. There are distinct traits a nd characteristics that can help identify who is in the military. The same traits and characteristics apply to personnel being detained or apprehended. Military members are more likely to comply with military police as civilian suspects are more likely to be resistant to comply with military police. Military members often do not normally deal with high stress situations as much as civilian police do. The military police organizations have created subdivisions to deal with serious crimes and situations such as Air Force Office of Special Investigation, Investigations, and Special Reaction Teams. With that being the case, normally military police have very limited experience with high stress situations. This could diffidently hinder them when making the switch to a civilian police career field. In todays military more and more duties formerly performed by military members and being passed over to civilians. The first duty to be passed off was working the gate or entry control point. L ittle by little just about every base has passed these duties off to civilians. A minor task like working the gate gave young military police experience with dealing with the public and traffic control. More recently the military has begun to pass off duties like on base patrols to civilian contractors. This giving away of duties again can hinder military police. Patrolling the base was maybe the most similar duty performed by civilian police departments. Now that this job has been eliminated from the militaries duties it can again diffidently hinder the military polices experience when dealing with the public, maintaining order, enforcing laws and attention to duty. In my eyes, former military police can make very good civilian police officers. They have the ability to be trained, they have basic understanding of the organization and structure due to them being very similar. They have basic understanding of duties and responsibilities and although limited in experience, most police careers you learn more through job experience than training.

Dylan Thomas Do Not Go Gente Into That Good Night and Catherine Davis

Dylan Thomas' Do Not Go Gente Into That Good Night and Catherine Davis' After a Time In Dylan Thomas's "Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night" and Catherine Davis's "After a Time," there is a very clear concept of differences and similarities between the two poems. From a reader's standpoint, they seemed to be quite a bit more alike than dissimilar. Through an investigative analysis, "Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night" and "After a Time" were proven to be comparable in almost every aspect in poetry, such as structure, rhyme scheme, and meter. At a first glance, both poems strike as death related pieces of writing. That is where the contrast of the two is distinguished. "Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night" sees death as something we can fight to avoid. If one is able to "rage, rage against the dying light," he or she will be able to shy away from this life-ending situation. This author states that no matter the person or circumstances, everyone should envision death as a negative thing and resist as long as possible. This does not necessarily give a positive twist on death, but it does give one some insight into why there is a reason to rage until the end. In a stanza-by-stanza analysis, there was a more complex interpretation of the meaning. First in "Do Not Goà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦," the first stanza states that one should be able to feel old age creeping up on our bodies, yet we must fight against it. The author also informs us that wise people know when death is near because of a lack of interest in their words, and good people cry out their deeds to make them known. Explained in 4, crazy men, who do wild things, learn too late and ar... ... point is that the second stanzas last line in both poems contains the title of that particular selection. In conclusion, these poems, "Do Not Go into That Good Night" and "After a Time," are not completely the same, but they do prove to have a vast amount of similarities. Opposite meanings do not always signify a conflict in structure. The arrangement of the poems is nearly exact to one another, and they can be picked apart to find even more complex likenesses. A deeper understanding can be found of both of these pieces just by going into a detailed comparison and contrast. WORKS CITED ----------- Davis, Catherine. "After a Time." Literature: The Human Experience. 8th Ed. 2002. 1414-1415. Thomas, Dylan. "Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night." Literature: The Human Experience. 8th Ed. 2002. 1412.

Customer Service in Travel and tourism Essay

Communication skills is important an important part of the travel and tourism industry. It is important to use the appropriate methods of communication for a given situation. Communication takes place face-to-face, by telephone, in writing electronically (e-mail and fax). Face to face is dealing directly with customers either face to face, individually or in a group situation. Dealing with customers face to face has a few ground rules. You must always smile greeting the customer, listen to what they are saying and always make eye contact, stay interested, address your customer by names, always thank when appropriate. Communicating by telephone is an essential part of daily life for businesses especially in the tourism sector. Using the telephone is a way of keeping in touch with one another weather its’ with customers booking or asking for advice. Customers find communicating by phone convenient and fast and cheap with instant feedback. As a travel and tourism staff it is important to answer calls quickly, greet the customer with your name and organisation, smile while you’re talking speaking clearly, listen carefully and take notes. Written communication comes in many different forms such as letters and faxes, brochures, memos, reports, documents for meetings and advertisements. This can be formal, informal or complaint. It is important to make sure there are no spelling or grammar mistakes, the intended message should be conveyed, make sure it is made clear who the letter is from when it was received and who it is to, handwriting should be legible and it should be appropriate language. Effective listening and questioning should be the key characteristic of customer service staff. This is important when customers are unsure about something or don’t fully understand a situation. Effective listening and questioning should be performed by maintaining eye contact when facing the speaker. Non-verbal communication is all about the way you present yourselves to others and transmit messages either intentionally or unintentionally. Making eye contact, orientation, postures, physical proximity, and gestures are all a form of non-verbal communication. Presentation is how staff and the working environment are presented to  customers which is the important in the travel and tourism sector. Personal appearance is important like wearing an appropriate dress because what you wear at work says a lot about you and the organisation that employed you, the appearance of the work place and personal hygiene is key! Staff will not tolerate a staff member with poor body odour or bad breath. A tidy workplace enforces a positive attitude and environment. Staff should be clean and well groomed. Teamwork is about getting along with your staff members and having an understanding of each other but at the same time getting things done accordingly together. Most work in the tourism sector is carried out by teams rather than individually. Good services and products all happen from the effort produced as a team to achieve a common goal. Team work will enforce a positive fun environment for an organisation by having the same understanding as one another developing each other’s character. Business skills are needed by customer service staff in order to carry out duties effectively which includes completing documentation that is relevant to the organisation. This also includes keeping records that are needed for internal purposes, IT skills such as sending e-mails accessing internet and using computerised reservation systems. Accuracy, legibility and complying with normal business conventions are important points to be followed. Complaint handling can be challenging but it is also rewarding and interesting. Staff in the industry must know how to handle situations and turn complaints into positive advantages. Complaints should be handled correctly with feedback so that the customer can give the organisation a second chance to put things right. Staff should listen, thank, apologise and provide support to the customer. Selling skills is bottom-line when selling products and services in travel and tourism organisations. Even staff not employed as salesman come into contact with selling when they themselves are customers, expecting the highest levels of customer service, courtesy and attention when making a purchase. Being successful isn’t something that happens. Building rapport is a state of understanding with another individual or group that enables greater and easier communication. In other words, building a rapport involves getting along with another person or group of people having things in common making communication easier and more effective. This can occur in a shop, hotel, restaurant, at home, or in an office. Factors that influence customers to buy from a business or elsewh ere  is the tidiness and cleanliness of the sales environment, the appearance of the staff, and the attitudes received by the customer. Establishing customer needs and expectations is to help the customer to state their needs and expectations clearly. Always remember that customers purchase products and services because they believe they need them. Expectations are what a customer expect to gain from the service or product received. Staff should start communication with an open question rather than questions that simply have responses like yes or no to gain more information. Features and benefits come after determining a customer’s needs and expectations. The next step is to present the product or service based on their specified requirements. The main aim in this stage of sales process is to concentrate on the features and benefits of the products using these statements during the presentation of the product†¦ Features statement highlighting the key features of the particular product, Advantage statement indicating what the product or service can do in general, and benefits statement expressing specifically what the product can do for the customer. Overcoming objections may occur after explaining the features and benefits. These may be based on price or availability of services or may resulting in insufficient choice range by the salesperson. In this stage questions will need to be asked to discover exactly why the customer is not happy and you use of persuasion will come into effect. Closing the sale is all about the persuasion of a customer to make a commitment. Product knowledge and communication skills have been used already to discover and match the customer’s needs and expectations with the right product or service. As a professional salesperson, one must truly believe that they can satisfy the prospect’s needs.

Hybrid and Electric Cars Analysis Essay

Hybrid and Electric Cars Analysis Essay Hybrid and Electric Cars Analysis Essay Example Hybrid and Electric Cars Analysis Essay Example How the Concept of Hybrid Vehicles Influences the Environment and Continuous Development in Future? Hybrid and electric cars deal with both technologies that involve conventional gasoline engine and electric motors powered with the help of batteries available in cars for obtaining maximum power. Such cars are capable of achieving fuel economy with low emission. One of these two main sources acts as backup under different circumstances such as charging battery while hybrid cars travel down the hill. Many of the hybrid cars have a function of charging batteries by regenerating energy while using brake system. Hybrid cars can automatically switch between batteries and gasoline whenever necessary in certain situations. The petrol engine and electric motor of hybrid cars run simultaneously and at maximum input at the same time when it travels up to the hill. Therefore, no battery charge occurs in this situation. Moreover, hybrid cars optimize fuel efficiency by using both gasoline engine and electric motor when traveling at normal rate. Nowadays, people are more worried about the issues of environmental pollution. Hybrid and electric cars considered environmental friendly vehicles since they are able to minimize the fuel emissions releasing to the air as well as using batteries to operate them without fuel consumption. On the other hand, hybrid cars are capable of producing less pollution and greenhouse gases. They can also increase mileage with engine that uses gas with electric motor reducing gas consumption and balancing each other (Motavalli). Development of hybrid cars is growing continuously every day. Alternative fuels to hybrid cars play vital role in reducing pollution. People cannot imagine what might happen if in the nearest future one cannot develop the alternatives methods of transportation. A country that is under economic pressure and where there is no perspective for the low prices of gasoline, hybrid vehicles can help in reducing emissions and dependence on foreign oil. Lithium-ion batteries coupling with increased oil prices have electrified transportation and moved customers to fuel-efficient vehicles. History of Hybrid Vehicles Many people believe that the hybrid vehicles are recent development. However, the fact is that the concept of hybrid cars is older than they believe. The history of hybrid vehicles started in 1665 (Sclar). In 1672, two scientists, named Flemish Jesuit and Verbiest, began to plan the creation of a steam car (Now). Afterwards, another scientist, named Nicholas Cugnot, made a motor carriage that was steam-powered and could run up to five miles per hour. In 1839, Robert Anderson built the first electric vehicle (Anderson). Research on hybrid vehicles started almost three hundred years ago. General Motors made a great contribution to the development of hybrid history. They comprised electric truck required for military application and had first electric fuel cell vehicle. Global warming and increased pollution problems Scientists have conducted extensive research on global warming that varied from one scientific group to other greatly. According to one group, it is really happening whereas the other group states that the theory of global warming is not supported by sufficient evidences. Due to the growing discussion of global warming as well as its various effects on the earth and its surroundings, the majority of people do realize that regardless of the source of the pollution, such as cars, factories, or any business establishment releasing smoke, it is always dangerous. It is an undoubtable fact that hybrid cars are one of the possibilities to reduce pollution by creating alternative engine designs, fuels, etc. The increase in traveling has a global impact on the certain aspects. Considering the fact that the demand for oil constantly grows, increased emissions have an effect on different elements of everyday life. However, over the past few years much advancement has been made to reduce emissions from the vehicles. New fuels have been developed and tried in an effort of finding more effective solutions to crude oil or gasoline. European transport is expected to increase to a great extent in both road and air transportation. In order to reduce emissions from vehicles, some standards, such as Euro 3, Euro 4, and Euro 5, have been introduced for protecting environment in Europe (Grozev). Several fuels are capable of being considered as the next gasoline. Fuels such as ethanol, methanol, hydrogen and some other low level fuels have not been recognized. New fuels, such as like ethanol, help to reduce dependency on foreign oil as well achieve an advantage of lower emissions. Problems with Hybrid and Electric Cars Hybrid cars and alternative fuels face two main problems. Firstly, they form various marketplace disadvantages as compared to those of conventional vehicles that run on conventional fuels. Therefore, they may need some mandates or few government incentives to achieve progress. Secondly, they do not find cost-effective solutions to large environmental and energy problems. It destabilizes the policy case and allows the government to intervene in the marketplace for supporting them. The path for hybrid and alternative vehicles is rather difficult to cover when these two major problems to hybrid cause arise. Considering these problems, it is not an easy way of developing hybrid vehicles and alternative fuels as well as to keep them in corresponding condition. Hybrid Cars and Alternative Fuels Ethanol is one of the alternative fuels in the forefront of the race and strongest possibility of becoming the next effective solution to gasoline. It has been claimed effective and rather beneficial since it has been used. However, manufacturing ethanol requires more nonrenewable energy unlike that provided by the resulting fuel. Finally, it is considered as expensive to be used due to its higher cost of production and transporting. Biodiesel is another alternative fuel source being tested and improved. It can be made from the used oil obtained from fryers at home. A negative aspect of biodiesel is that it does not contain octane, which comes with regular diesel. In cold climates, it usually does not function properly, as regular diesel. Hydrogen has a potential to act as one of the greatest alternative fuel and reducing environmental impacts. Development of hydrogen, however, faces certain problems. It is extremely expensive and not fully developed. It could be a zero emission fuel inevitably following large decrease in emissions in the nearest future if the significant number of people starts using hydrogen fuel vehicles. Hybrid and electric cars are the next possible and viable solution as an alternative fuel. However, it is not essentially a fuel, but still it is an alternative mode of transportation. Electric vehicles (EV’s) have numerous benefits, such as absence of emissions and being quiet. Both of these qualities are favorable for the city living. According to some experts, electric vehicles are an integral part of decreasing pollution that is quite possible with proper engineering. The most feasible hybrid car in the near future is an electric vehicle with reduced emissions and decreased consumption of fuel. Hybrid and Electric Cars in Marketplace It is an undoubtable fact that hybrid and electric cars have strong position on the market. In fact, electric vehicles would be seen more often in the near future, especially in those cities where people do not require going to great distances for accomplishing everyday tasks. Most probably, with new advantages and advancements in electric technology, businesses that run under outdoor transportation would move towards electric cars instead of the traditional four wheeler vehicles. It is surely possible that electric vehicles will be used across the world with electric as an alternative fuel. Electric is a big contributor and best chance of acting as the next gasoline. However, it is not a permanent option of gasoline. New fuels and catalysts are not trying to factor out gasoline. One can use gasoline always for some useful applications. Actually, these new fuels intend to provide reducing dependency on foreign oil to some extent as well as reducing pollution and decreasing gasoline prices at same time. The market demand for hybrid cars is growing strongly and people are more willing to buy them. Automobile industries are developing different types of petrol for efficient and environmental friendly cars. The importance of hybrid cars is increasing for the environmental sustainability. However, in some countries people are not much aware of the green house effect and climate changes. Therefore, hybrid vehicles cannot attract the attention of its customers and high the market demand. Future of Hybrid Cars Hybrid cars play vital role in all aspects of a green future. The benefits of clean air, reduced dependency on foreign oil, better gas mileage, and few emissions would have been all in danger if hybrid vehicles had never developed. It is difficult to the importance of hybrid and electric cars in the near future. They are the integral key to a clean environment. Considering the development of technology and few available oil resources in the future, hybrid and electric cars will become the main product of future’s automobile industry. Consequently, the hybrid market will increase and grow rapidly in the future. Moreover, it is possible that the new rivals will enter into the hybrid market after seeing its great potential and progress. The hybrid cars are in accordance to the direction of auto development in the future that help the major hybrid cars manufacturers, such as Toyota, to focus only on the traditional fuel vehicles (Tollefson). However, hybrid cars are relatively an emerging area that requires great investment in battery technology. In recent years, due to more advancement in the environmental protection as well as frequently occurring fluctuations in gas prices, many customers started to choose hybrid cars. It will require much time until hybrid cars industry starts growing and making progress rapidly. Main Hybrid Cars Toyota hybrid cars take the leader position of sales and technology. The first hybrid car in the world was launched by Toyota. The company sales are higher than those of the other competitors. Despite the anti-lock braking system problems that Toyota hybrid cars faced, the company has developed more than 500,000 hybrid cars in major markets of California and Japan. Making the Prius is an extremely great step of Toyota. The Prius is a kind of hybrid car running on both internal combustion and electric engines. It can reach more than 40 miles per gallon. When gasoline engine turns on, it starts running on alternator that charges the battery. Hence, the battery of the Prius never runs dead. Other important hybrid cars, such as Chevrolet and Ford, marked the hybrid economy. None of the companies, including Ford with Escape as well as the new hybrid Yukon with Chevrolet, could make such an impact on their customers as Toyota did (Peters). Clean air, saving money on gas, reduced dependency on foreign oil, and fewer emissions are the reasons for which the hybrid cars are widely purchased. These results are promising and show great hope for the future of hybrid and electric cars. Hybrid vehicles are the most important components to reduce pollution across the world and to mark an end on the vicious cycle started years ago. New prototypes are being researched, worked, and developed daily. Today, hybrid and electric cars do not have enough demand and fame that is needed. If the pollution in the world continues at the current rate, then the implications will get serious. Everyone is responsible for putting more effort in making this world a better place for living. Since hybrid cars are considered greatly important, it is not the only aim to be achieved. If someone does not feel comfortable while driving a hybrid vehicle, there are other opportunities available to help in protecting clean environment. Research concludes that hybrid and electric cars are important part of creating a clean and greener environment. With increasing rate of pollution as well as without hybrid and electric cars, there is possibility that many countries can face a crash course of disaster.

The Defeat Of The Spanish Armada Essays

The Defeat Of The Spanish Armada Essays The Defeat Of The Spanish Armada Essay The Defeat Of The Spanish Armada Essay The Spanish Armada was a powerful navy that attempted to enter England by force in 1588.This navy had been called previously The Invincible Armada, because the Spaniards thought that it could not be defeated (The History of).Philip II of Spain had many reasons to want to get rid of Queen Elizabeth.For a long time, English ships had been attacking Spanish treasure ships and raiding Spanish settlements in the Americas.Queen Elizabeth declined punishing the privateers and would not return the treasures that they had acquired.Another reason was the making of England an uncomfortable country for Catholics, since they could be fined or kept captive for not attending the Protestant Church.As she encouraged Protestant ideas, she was willing to fight against Catholic Spain.English troops had been fighting together with the Dutch rebels in their war opposing their Spanish rulers (Shenkman). The mentioned fleet was made up of 130 ships and 30,000 men, the majority of which were soldiers.On the other hand, the English carried no army at all, and only 16,000 sailors, along with long-range cannons on low quick ships to get manoeuvrability. The unforgettable Spanish defeat by the English comes still as a surprise for many, who cannot understand how they could crush a navy of such size.The commander of the armada was the Duke of Medina Sidonia, who accepted Philips appointment unwillingly since he did not have any military experience as the Spanish tactic, getting close to the enemy and let soldiers jump over to the opponents ships, gave away easily.The Duke was chosen because the previous commander had died in February that year, and because he was the greatest Spanish noble of the time.Even so, the Armada was still considered unbeatable (Mazour). The 30th of May of 1588, the Spanish Armada left towards English waters from Lisbon, Portugal, after the Pope had blessed the attack.Almost

Reflection and DQ's Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reflection and DQ's - Essay Example As such, CSR was described to entail elements which include commitment to serve the best interests of society; yet ensuring that the organization grows through the generation of profits. Without earning financial resources, the organization would not be able to sustain continued operations in producing products or services that would benefit its stakeholders, including the environment and the general public. Finally, the success of CSR also requires consumer social responsibilities to do their part in sustaining and supporting the organization’s commitment to succeed in their field of endeavor. One shares similar contentions that the popularity of applying CSR was considered analogous to a bandwagon paradigm. By merely asserting that the organization adheres to CSR philosophies was already indicative of conformity to ethical, moral, and legal standards. As explained in the video, there are crucial ingredients to consider before CSR could be effectively exemplified. One strongly believes that CSR would only be successful and effective, if and when, the board members or members of the executive team have in-depth understanding of what CSR ideals and philosophies entail. As such, it was commendable to insinuate that the application of CSR goes hand in hand with corporate governance. Thus, organizations should not publicly promote adherence to CSR philosophies without genuine commitment to abiding with ethical standards. There should be a balanced application of business practices that give equal weights to generation of profits vis-Ã  -vis serving the interests of others. The description of CSR accurately attested an exemplary understanding of the relevant lessons presented from the video. The commitment of the organization to look beyond what they offer in terms of products or services that generate profits, to include the ensuring that the effects of these products (or services) generate positive impact to society

Review of A Journal Article on Population and Economics Term Paper

Review of A Journal Article on Population and Economics - Term Paper Example Moreover, health of aging population is also improving significantly and a large proportion of old-age people will live without any health complications. Productivity in any country will have bearings due to age-related changes in working populations. It is pertinent to note that population of age 60 and above was 200 million in 1950 but today, it has increased to 760 million and estimated to be around 2 billion in 2050. Similarly, the numbers of people of age 80 and above were 14 million in 1950 that has raised to 11 million today and are likely to reach, based on the current projections, nearly 400 million by 2050. This is critical since these patterns of aging population were never seen in the past. Authors have attempted to examine the effects of aging population on world economy as a whole. Authors have drawn data from the United Nations and have projected age-wise population between 2005 and 2050. The projections are based on the medium-fertility rate. If the fertility rates ar e lower than this than the aging population will increase further. The fertility rate estimation between 2005 and 2050 is a matter of uncertainty and will lead to different results pertaining to elderly proportion. Even changes in mortality rate will influence the proportion of aging population significantly. Different continents will have varying estimation of ageing population. Africa will have a least proportion of the people with age 60 and higher while Europe is projected to have the highest proportion of aging population amongst all continents – to the tune of almost 34 percent followed by North America at 28 percent. Declining fertility rates, increasing life expectancy at birth and declining mortality rates in child are the factors behind increased proportion of aging population across most part of the world. Quantitative Methods Employed The authors have employed quantitative empirical methods to study the effect of ageing population on the world economy. They have d one population analysis by age group based on historical data from 1950 to 2005 and then projections made about age-group distribution for years beyond 2005 until 2050. With different fertility assumptions, an attempt has been made to estimate proportion of aging population beyond 2005 until 2050. It is believed that the issue will have its social as well as political fallouts too. For example, an aging population will need support in terms of healthcare services and income security for them. In developing countries, this, traditionally, has been taken care by families but as more and more women enter workforce, this is likely to change. Formation of nuclear families, migration towards urban centers and children leaving away from their parents will become a norm even in most of the developing countries posing new challenges for security of the elderly population. Most developed countries have social security plans in place to provide healthcare and income security; however, as the e lderly population goes up, it is likely to be a daunting task for most governments. In short, aging population may cause serious consequences on the economy of the nation. Behavioural Changes Authors emphasise that behaviour changes play a pivotal role in meeting the shortfall in labour supply and they can be described as per the following. Rising life expectancy is responded by the society by increasing the number of working years keeping the saving behaviour unchanged. Even if the people do not work for extra years, it is certain that increased life